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Ntuziaka maka ule dị iche iche maka ndị na-agbanwe ike

Mar 24, 2026

Hapụ ozi

ọdịnaya
  1. 1. Okwu mmalite
  2. 2. Nnwale oge niile
  3. 3. Ụdị ule
  4. 4. Nnwale pụrụ iche
  5. 5. Nnwale ndị ọzọ
  6. 6. Nkwubi okwu

202603231421054177

 

 

 

 

1. Okwu mmalite

 

 

Ndị ntụgharị ọkụ bụ akụ dị oke mkpa na netwọkụ eletrik. Iji hụ na ntụkwasị obi, nchekwa, na arụmọrụ, a ga-emerịrị usoro ule dị ka ụkpụrụ mba ụwa si dị dị ka IEC 60076. A na-ekewa ule ndị a n'imeNlele oge niile, Ụdị Ule, Ule pụrụ iche, naNnwale ndị ọzọ. Ntuziaka a na-enye nkọwa zuru oke nke ule ọ bụla, ebumnuche ya na usoro izugbe metụtara.

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Nnwale oge niile

 

A na-eme ule oge niile na transformer ọ bụla iji chọpụta ogo nrụpụta, nrụpụta eletriki na ịdị njikere ịrụ ọrụ.

 

 

2.1 Nleta nke gas gbasasịa na mmiri dielectric sitere na mpaghara mmanụ ọ bụla dị iche iche ma ewezuga oghere mgba ọkụ. (Tupu ule na mgbe ule gasịrị)

  • Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa ọnọdụ mmanụ mkpuchi ma chọpụta mmejọ dị n'ime (dịka ọmụmaatụ, arcing, ikpo ọkụ) tupu na mgbe ule ndị ọzọ gasịrị.
  • Usoro:A na-ewepụta ihe nlele mmanụ site na mpaghara mmanụ ọ bụla dị iche iche (ewezuga oghere mgba ọkụ) wee nyochaa site na iji chromatography gas.
  • Usoro igodo:Hydrogen (H₂), acetylene (C₂H₂), Methane (CH₄), Carbon Monoxide (CO), na ọdịnaya mmiri.

 

2.2 Lelee mkpuchi isi na etiti maka ihe ngbanwe mmiri na-emikpu nwere mkpuchi isi ma ọ bụ etiti.

  • Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa na isi na ihe mgbochi na-ekpuchi nke ọma site na tank ahụ iji gbochie ikesa mmiri.
  • Usoro:A na-atụle nguzogide mkpuchi n'etiti isi na tank, isi na ihe nkedo, na ihe nkedo na tank site na iji megohmmeter.

2.3 Ntụle nke oke voltaji na nchụpụ oge

  • Ebumnuche:Iji gosi na oke voltaji n'etiti windings na otu vector (dịka, YNd1) dakọtara na nkọwapụta.
  • Usoro:A na-atụ oke voltaji na mgbata niile, a na-enyocha ngbanwe nke usoro megide otu vector akọwapụtara.

 

2.4 Nleta nke iguzogide ikuku

  • Ebumnuche:Iji chọpụta njikọ ndị tọgbọrọ chakoo, eriri agbajiri agbaji, ma ọ bụ ntọala mgbanwe - ezighi ezi.
  • Usoro:A na-agbanye DC ugbu a n'ime windings, a na-atụkwa nguzogide maka oge ọ bụla na ọnọdụ mgbata. A na-edozi nsonaazụ ya na okpomọkụ ntụaka (na-emekarị ogo 75).
Check of Ratio and Polarity of Built-in Current Transformers

 

2.5 Nyochaa Ratio na Polarity nke Wuru{1} na Transformers ugbu a (CT)

  • Ebumnuche:Iji hụ na CT ndị agbakwunyere na bushes ma ọ bụ turrets nwere oke ziri ezi na polarity subtractive.
  • Usoro:A na-enyocha oke ntụgharị ahụ site na iji mita ruru, yana a na-enyocha polarity megide akara (P1/P2, S1/S2).

 

2.6 Ntụle nke DC mkpuchi mkpuchi n'etiti ikuku ọ bụla n'ụwa yana n'etiti ikuku

  • Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa mkpokọta nkụ na ịdị ọcha nke usoro mkpuchi.
  • Usoro:A na-atụle nguzogide mkpuchi n'etiti windings na ụwa, na n'etiti windings, na-eji voltaji DC (nke bụ 5000V). A na-agbakọ oke nnabata (R60/R15) na ndeksi polarization (PI).

 

2.7 Ntụnye ihe mkpofu (tanθ) nke usoro mkpuchi mkpuchi capacitances

  • Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa mfu dielectric na usoro mkpuchi, na-egosi mmiri ma ọ bụ ịka nká.
  • Usoro:Capacitance na tan δ na-atụ maka isi ahụ na bushings na voltaji akọwapụtara (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 10 kV).

 

2.8 Mkpebi nke ike ikuku ikuku na ụwa na n'etiti windings

  • Ebumnuche:Iji chọpụta ụkpụrụ capacitance n'etiti windings na ụwa na n'etiti windings.
  • Usoro:A na-enwetakarị nke a site n'otu nha dị ka ihe nkwụsị (Tan δ).

 

2.9 Na -Ibu Ibu-Changer (OLTC) Nnwale arụmọrụ

  • Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa ọrụ igwe na eletriki nke OLTC.
  • Usoro:A na-arụ ọrụ OLTC site n'uju ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị iche iche: de-ike, na voltaji njikwa belatara (85%), na-enye ike na enweghị-, yana etinyere ọkwa ugbu a.

 

2.10 & 2.11 Mba -Ibu Ibu na Ntụnye ugbu a

  • Ebumnuche:Iji tụọ mfu magnetizing (isi mfu) na mkpali ugbu a.
  • Usoro:A na-eme ka ihe ngbanwe a na-enye ike na voltaji a tụrụ anya na ugboro ole n'otu ikuku ebe nke ọzọ na-emeghe- na-ekesa. A na-ewerekarị nha na 90%, 100% na 110% nke voltaji agbagoro.

 

2.12 Nleta nke Mkpirisi -Mmetụta gburugburu na mfu ibu

  • Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa voltaji impedance na mfu ọla kọpa (ngwunye ibu).
  • Usoro:Otu ikuku dị mkpụmkpụ-, a na-etinye voltaji dị ntakịrị na ikuku nke ọzọ iji kesaa ọkwa ugbu a. A na-eme ihe nleba anya na mgbata isi na oke mgbata.

2.13 & 2.14 Nnwale Dielectric (LI, LIC, AC, AV, IVPD)

Nnwale ndị a na-enyocha ike mkpuchi nke transformer.

Nnwale ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ zuru oke maka ọnụ ụzọ ahịrị (LI)

  • Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa ike mkpuchi nke ikuku nke transformer megide elu{0}voltaji na-arị elu na-eme ka ọkụ na-enwu ozugbo. Nnwale a na-achọpụta na nchikota mkpuchi n'etiti ntụgharị, ọkwa, na ụwa zuru oke.
  • Usoro:A na-etinye ebili mmiri dị elu {{0}voltaji mkpali (ọkọlọtọ 1.2/50 µs) na ọdụ ahịrị ọ bụla. Usoro ule na-agụnyekarị otu mbelata-ọkwa, otu agbagoro - mkpali ọkwa, yana abụọ agbakwunyere - ọkwa mkpali. A na-edekọ oscillogram nke voltaji etinyere na ugbu a na-anọpụ iche. Ọdịda ma ọ bụ mgbagha ọ bụla na-adịghị mma na ụdị ebili mmiri na-egosi ọdịda mkpuchi.

 

Nnwale mkpali ọkụ Wave Chopped (LIC)

  • Ebumnuche:Iji mee ka mgbakasị ahụ dị na mkpuchi mkpuchi ihe mgbe ọkụ na-akwụsị site na ngwaọrụ nchebe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, njide), na-eme ka mgbaka voltaji dị elu- chere ihu. Nnwale a dị oke mkpa maka ịchọpụta mkpuchi mkpuchi n'etiti{4} na ntụgharị- oyi akwa.
  • Usoro:A na-etinye mkpali ọkụ mana "a gbubiri" (na-akwụsị na mberede) ka obere oge gachara (na-abụkarị 2-5 µs) site na oghere igbutu. A na-eme ule a na voltaji dị elu dị elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, +10% nke ọkwa LI) iji mee ka nrụgide dịkwuo elu. A na-enyocha oscillogram maka oke voltaji na omume ugbu a.

 

 

Akara Terminal AC na-eguzogide ule voltaji (LTAC)

  • Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa ike mkpuchi n'etiti ọnụ ụzọ ahịrị na n'etiti akara ahịrị na ụwa n'okpuru voltaji ugboro ugboro.
  • Usoro:A na-etinye otu voltaji AC nke otu - n'etiti ọdụ ahịrị nke otu ikuku, yana ihe ngbanwe dị n'ikuku ma ọ bụ mmanụ. A na-eme nnwale ahụ maka oge a kapịrị ọnụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 30–60 sekọnd) na-enweghị ọdịda voltaji ma ọ bụ ndakpọ na mberede.

 

 

Nnwale voltaji etinyere (AV)

  • Ebumnuche:Iji lelee mkpuchi isi n'etiti ikuku ọ bụla na ụwa, yana n'etiti windings dị iche, n'okpuru voltaji ugboro ugboro.
  • Usoro:A na-etinye voltaji AC n'etiti ikuku n'okpuru ule yana ikuku ndị ọzọ ejikọrọ na ụwa (ma ọ bụ tank) maka 60 sekọnd. A na-akọwapụta voltaji ule dabere na ọkwa mkpuchi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 95 kV maka akụkụ HV). A na-egosipụta ule na-aga nke ọma site na enweghị mbelata voltaji na mberede ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụ ọkụ.

Nnwale Nkwụghachi Voltaji butere ya na nha PD (IVPD)

  • Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa n'etiti{0}ntụgharị, inter{1} oyi akwa na mkpuchi isi, yana ịchọpụta ọrụ mwepu akụkụ (PD) nke nwere ike ibute mbibi ogologo oge.
  • Usoro:Voltaji karịrị voltaji akwadoro (ọ na-abụkarịinfo-128-44) a na-etinye ya n'otu ikuku iji kpalite voltaji nha na ikuku nke ọzọ. A na-eme ule a n'ogo dị elu karịa ọkwa (iji zere saturation isi) yana gụnye ogologo oge{1} (dịka nkeji 30–60) ebe a na-enyocha ọkwa mwepu akụkụ. Ụdị nnabata a na-ahụkarị bụ PD Ihe na-erughị 100 pC nainfo-128-44.

 

2.15 Nnwale ntanye na nrụgide (Nnwale siri ike)

  • Ebumnuche:Iji hụ na a na-emechi tank na gaskets megide ntapu mmanụ.
  • Usoro:Ihe ngbanwe ahụ jupụtara na mmanụ, a na-etinyekwa nrụgide dị mma (dịka, 30 kPa) maka oge a kapịrị ọnụ (dịka, awa 24).

 

 

 

 

 

3. Ụdị ule

 

 

A na-eme ule ụdị na ihe ngbanwe nke onye nnọchi anya iji gosi na imewe ahụ dabara njirimara arụmọrụ akọwapụtara.

3.1 Okpomọkụ -Nnwale ụdị elu

Ebumnuche:Iji chọpụta na sistemu jụrụ oyi zuru oke yana oke okpomọkụ (mmanụ kacha elu, nkezi ikuku, ebe ọkụ- ntụpọ) agaghị agafe.

Usoro:A na-etufu ihe ngbanwe a na-efunahụ (load loss + no{1}}load loss) site na iji usoro mkpirisi{2}} ruo mgbe okpomọkụ kwụsiri ike. A na-atụle okpomọkụ site na iji ụzọ mgbochi (ikuku) na temometa (mmanụ).

 

3.2 Mkpebi nke ọkwa ụda

Ebumnuche:Iji chọpụta na ọkwa mkpọtụ ahụ na-emezu ụkpụrụ ekwenyere.

Usoro:A na-enye onye ntụgharị ọkụ ọkụ na voltaji amapụtara na ugboro ole. A na-atụ ọkwa nrụgide ụda na isi ihe akọwapụtara (na-abụkarị 0.3m na 2m site na elu) wee gbakọọ dị ka ọkwa ike ụda (dBA) kwa IEC 60076-10.

 

3.3 Nleta ike nke Fan na Liquid Pump Motors were

Ebumnuche:Iji tụọ ike inyeaka nke akụrụngwa jụrụ oyi.

Usoro:A na-atụ ntinye ike na fan na-ajụ oyi na nfuli mmanụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ arụrụ arụ ọrụ.

 

 

 

 

 

4. Nnwale pụrụ iche

 

 

A na-eme ule pụrụ iche site na nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndị nrụpụta na ndị ahịa iji nyekwuo data na njirimara akọwapụtara.

 

4.1 Ntụgharị nke efu{1}} Usoro impedance(s) n'elu ihe ngbanwe ụzọ atọ{2}

  • Ebumnuche:Achọrọ maka nchikota nchedo sistemu na mgbako mmejọ ụwa.
  • Usoro:Maka ihe ngbanwe{{0}phase atọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, YNd1), a na-ejikọta usoro atọ a n'otu n'otu, ma tinye otu voltaji - otu.

4.2 Igwe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ{1}}Ọkụkụ ntụpọ{2}}Ntụnye Bilie

Ebumnuche:Ka ịlele ọnọdụ okpomọkụ kachasị mma n'ime ikuku na-eji fiber optic sensọ.

Usoro:A na-etinye ihe nyocha fiber optic n'ime ikuku n'oge mgbakọ. A na-eme nke a n'oge okpomọkụ -Nnwale ịrị elu iji kwado ebe ọkụ agbakọrọ agbakọọ-.

 

4.3 Mkpebi njirimara nfefe voltaji na-agafe agafe

Ebumnuche:Iji ghọta otu esi ebufe elu{0}voltaji dị elu site n'akụkụ HV gaa n'akụkụ LV (dị mkpa maka nhazi mkpuchi nke akụrụngwa ejikọrọ).

Usoro:A na-etinye voltaji mkpali na ọdụ HV, a na-edekọkwa voltaji ndị a kpalitere na ọdụ LV.

 

 

4.4 Ntụle nke nzaghachi ugboro ugboro (Ntụle nzaghachi ugboro ugboro ma ọ bụ FRA)

  • Ebumnuche:Iji mepụta “mkpịsị aka mkpisiaka” nke nrụzi n'ezi ihe nke ihe ntụgharị maka ntụnyere n'ọdịnihu (na-achọpụta nrụrụ ikuku).
  • Usoro:A na-agbanye voltaji ugboro ole na-ekpochapụ, yana ọrụ mbufe (oke/nhazi) ka a na-atụ n'ofe oke ugboro (dịka, 10 Hz ruo 1 MHz).

 

4.5 Nnwale Nrụgide na Vacuum Deflection Nlegharị na mmiri mmiri na-emikpu

Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa ike igwe nke tank.

Usoro:A na-edobe tankị dị mma (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 100 kPa) ma ọ bụ oghere (dịka, 133 Pa). Ntugharị na-adịgide adịgide na isi ihe dị egwu agaghị agafe oke akọwapụtara (ọ na-abụkarị 1 mm).

 

 

 

 

 

5. Nnwale ndị ọzọ

 

 

Nnwale agbakwunyere bụ nlele agbakwunyere ọ bụghị iwu siri ike mana emere ya maka ịdị mma akọwapụtara ma ọ bụ ọrụ achọrọ.

 

5.1 Nleta nke Mba {{1}Ibu Harmonics dị ugbu a

  • Ebumnuche:Iji nyochaa ọdịnaya kwekọrọ na magnetizing ugbu a, nke dị mkpa maka ọmụmụ ịdị mma ike.
  • Usoro:N'oge ule enweghị -, a na-enyocha ụdị ebili mmiri dị ugbu a iji chọpụta ịdị ukwuu nke 3rd, 5th, 7th, etc., ihe nkwekọ.

 

5.2 Mkpebi nke Irigi / Ọdịnaya Ọdịnaya

Ebumnuche:Ka ịlele ọdịnaya mmiri zuru oke na mmanụ mkpuchi ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi siri ike.

Usoro:A na-eji mita igirigi ma ọ bụ Karl Fischer titration (maka mmanụ). N'ime akụkọ a na-enye, a chọpụtara na mmiri dị ihe na-erughị 0.5%.

 

 

 

 

 

6. Nkwubi okwu

 

 

Usoro nnwale zuru oke dị mkpa iji hụ na ntụkwasị obi ogologo oge na nchekwa nke ihe ngbanwe ọkụ. Site n'ịgbaso usoro ahaziri ahazi nke akọwapụtara na IEC 60076 na ụkpụrụ ndị yiri ya, ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị ọrụ nwere ike ikwe nkwa na transformer ga-arụ ọrụ dịka a tụrụ anya n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọrụ nkịtị yana mmejọ sistemụ. Ngwakọta nkeUsoro, Ụdị, Pụrụ Iche, na Mgbakwunyeule na-enye ntule zuru oke nke ọkụ eletrik, igwe na arụ ọrụ ọkụ.

 

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